Submerged-helical module design for pressure retarded osmosis:A conceptual study using computational fluid dynamics

Recent research efforts in taking pressure retarded osmosis closer to commercialization have concentrated on the development of osmosis-specific membranes. The module design, other hand, has not attracted much attention, although need for designs was identified, when traditional desalination were proven unfeasible applications. This work introduces a novel, design. submerged-helical is low packing density, spacer-free which implicates significantly lower drop along draw stream with power similar more densely packed types. In this article theoretical model performance design developed. shows that may yield significant net energy generation, under specific geometry configurations and operation conditions. Its results indicate advantageous spiral-wound modules plate-and-frame osmosis, terms costs.